Plugged and Abandoned Well Locating
Using the latest in geophysical and magnetic instruments we are able to precisely map and locate all your abandoned well structures quickly and cost-effectively.
Seismic Surveys and Tools
Seismic surveys are conducted by deploying a recording device (seismograph) and an array of receivers (geophones), in an area of interest. Depending upon the maximum penetration depth and survey needs, the source of local seismic waves are generated either by a mechanical source (PEG), Betsy Seisgun (8 gauge shot gun) or sledgehammer. The PEG, short for ‘Propelled Energy Generator’, is a light weight and portable, accelerated weight-dropping source that is mounted to a vehicle. The Betsy Seisgun is an industrial shotgun that shoots concussion blast into the ground. The sledge hammer needs no explanation.
The seismic waves travel from the source through the subsurface and are received by the geophone sensors planted on the surface at different offsets. The geophones convert the ground velocity (incoming seismic wave) into a voltage, which is then recorded by the seismograph. The seismic traces (digital curve) are recorded as a function of time from the source, to the geophones. Each source and geophone location is recorded via GPS for X, Y & Z positioning.
After seismic data is collected from the geophones and seismograph, specific profiles are constructed from wave velocities as a function of time.
Examples of the vertical profiles constructed:
Reflection Profile: Reflection involves a change in direction of waves when they bounce off a barrier.
- 2-D Vertical Seismic Profile
- Synthetic seismogram
Refraction Profile: Refraction of waves involves a change in the direction of waves as they pass from one medium to another.
- 2-D Refraction Profile
Down-hole Seismic Profile:
- Vertical Seismic Profile with Compressional (Pv) and Shear (Sv) waves
- Tabular list of Pv & Sv
Cross-hole Seismic Profile:
- Vertical Seismic Profile with Shear (Sv) waves
- Tabular list of Sv
